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Excluding Spanish settlements far away in the Southwestern United States,
his community settled in 1799 and established in 1833 is the oldest
settlement west of the Mississippi River. Julien Dubuque was one of the
first Europeans to settle in the Dubuque area. He mined lead at what would
become called the Mines of Spain, which is about three miles south of the
current City of Dubuque. The area would soon become the location of the
first European settlement in what would become the state of Iowa. It would
also become the headquarters of a Roman Catholic diocese named after the
city in 1837. Since that time, the Roman Catholic Church has been a major
force in the history of the city. A large number of German and Irish
immigrants helped contribute to the culture of Dubuque. Recently, the face
of the city has changed as redevelopment efforts are made. Many Catholic
religious orders maintain monasteries and convents in Dubuque and the
surrounding countryside.
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